DOI: https://doi.org/10.32645/issn.1390-6984 Esta revista publica artículos que son resultados de investigaciones o de procesos de vinculación con la sociedad, los cuales pueden haber sido presentados en foros, congresos, simposios, seminarios y otros eventos académicos. Estos artículos pueden ser realizados por los docentes o estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la UPEC, así como por profesionales en la salud de otras instituciones nacionales o internacionales. Sus temáticas abordan todos los ámbitos relacionados con las ciencias de la salud.
Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi
El autor mantiene los derechos morales e intelectuales de su obra, autorizando a la editoruial de la revista revista Horizontes de Enfermería ladifusión y la divulgación de su contenido con fines estrictamente académicos y de investigación, sin fines de lucro.
Traditional knowledge: pregnancy and childbirth in the kichwa Otavalo people
Traditional knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth among the Kichwa people of Otavalo and Cotacachi reflects their worldview and ancestral practices. The main challenge lies in integrating this knowledge into the modern health system to ensure respectful and effective maternal care. The study aimed to understand and value these practices, promoting comprehensive and sustainable health care. Beliefs, rituals, health practices, and techniques used by Kichwa women during pregnancy and childbirth were documented. Through semi-structured interviews with women cared for by certified midwives, the importance of Pachamama and ancestral spirits in protecting mothers and newborns was highlighted. The midwives used medicinal plants and techniques that addressed both physical and spiritual needs. Before wachariy (childbirth), ceremonies such as breaking the mantle, straw-pulling, and shaking and sifting were performed, which spiritually protected the mother. During wachariy, women followed a diet based on corn, quinoa, tubers, and medicinal herbs, which strengthened their cultural connection and provided them with necessary nutrients. This study highlights the need to integrate this knowledge into modern healthcare to ensure intercultural, respectful, and effective maternal care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raúl Clemente Cevallos Calapi, Nhora Magdalena as Benítez Bastid, Nelson Iván Bedón Suárez, María Fernanda Cevallos Vaca, Concepción Elizabeth Cevallos Vaca http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Music therapy in alzheimer's disease and its cognitive, psychological, and behavioral effects: A systematic review
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that affects memory, thinking and behavior, leading to a progressive decline in cognitive and behavioral functions. Non-pharmacological therapies are presented as effective options for optimizing the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's. The objective was to define the main benefits of music therapy in patients with Alzheimer's, in the cognitive, psychological, and behavioral areas. To answer the research question: What are the effects of music therapy on the cognitive, psychological, and behavioral functions of patients with Alzheimer’s? A systematic review of articles published between 2015 and 2024 was conducted. The databases used were PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, and the Virtual Health Library. The search terms included "music therapy," "Alzheimer's," "cognitive," "psychological," and "behavioral." Twenty-nine studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria. The review found that music therapy significantly improves memory, attention, and global cognition. In addition, a significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels was observed, contributing to the emotional and behavioral stabilization of patients. Out of the 29 studies reviewed, most indicated that benefits are most evident when patients are actively involved in music creation. Music therapy is presented as an effective non-pharmacological strategy for optimizing the quality of life of Alzheimer's patients by promoting cognitive function.
Copyright (c) 2025 Viviana Rivera Romero Institución, Alejandra Diaz Anacona, Eileen Dayanna Peralta Vivas, Mayerlin Padilla Ibarguen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Patient safety environment in a healthcare institution in the amazon region of Ecuador
Patient safety is an important and crucial issue because a good diagnosis can improve health systems within each health facility at the local and national levels. The objective of this research was to evaluate the patient safety environment in a health institution in the Amazon region of Ecuador. The study is a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional cohort; a convenience sample was considered consisting of 124 health professionals, mainly nursing staff 59.6% and doctors 16.1%, who work in this establishment, the majority being women 72.2%. Among the results of the AHRQ questionnaire, it was observed that there is a tendency towards appreciation or positive score for the four dimensions evaluated, which indicates a potential for growth in these areas: teamwork 66.67%, supervisor-manager relationship 60.22%, communication 58.18% and frequency of reported events 69.76%; being the frequency of reported events the most notable in positive evaluation, in addition it is also mentioned that in the supervisor-manager relationship there is a negative score of 23.66%. It is concluded that in this facility, there is an excellent potential for development with a positive patient safety climate; however, it is suggested that the relationship between workers and process supervisors be strengthened to prevent it from becoming a weakness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amparo Paola Tito Pineda, Dayanna Mishel Lozada Guevara, María Ximena Tapia Paguay, Eva Consuelo López Aguilar, Viviana Margarita Espinel Jara http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of the quality of health services at hospital El Ángel, Carchi, 2023
The new challenges for health systems worldwide are aimed at guaranteeing the quality of health services. In this study, carried out at the El Ángel Basic Hospital, the quality of nursing services was evaluated from the perspective of the users and the level of compliance with quality standards related to the care process. A non-experimental mixed methodological approach with a descriptive and cross-sectional design was adopted. The study population included nursing professionals and external users of emergency, gynecology, and surgery services from September to December 2023. A sample of 12 nurses and 140 users were selected through convenience and systematic sampling, respectively. The results revealed a demographic diversity among users, highlighting a worrying lack of health insurance affiliation. In addition, a generally positive perception was observed in aspects such as security and empathy, although areas such as reliability and responsiveness showed variable levels of satisfaction. Specifically, problems were identified in the availability of medications and equipment in the emergency service, as well as concerns in the response capacity and empathy in the surgery and gynecology services. These findings highlight the need for improvements to guarantee more effective and satisfactory care for users in different areas of the hospital's nursing services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sonia Dayanara Revelo Villarreal , Joel Sebastián Vela Narváez, Adela Janet Vaca Auz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Biomechanical risk in workers of the cooperativa empresarial de recicladores de Nariño E.S.P. Pasto - Nariño
This study addresses the biomechanical risk present in the activities performed by workers in the operational process of the Cooperativa Empresarial de Recicladores de Nariño E.S.P. (Coemprender) in the city of Pasto, Department of Nariño (Colombia). The objective was to identify and assess the biomechanical risk factors to which these workers are exposed during their daily work activities. A descriptive quantitative methodology was employed, utilizing the technique of quantitative observation, which allowed for the collection of precise and measurable data on postures, repetitive movements, physical exertion, and load handling performed by the workers in their daily routines. Data collection included the use of the Colombian Technical Guide GTC 45, version 2012, ensuring the reliability and validity of the results obtained. The study's findings revealed that Coemprender workers are exposed to various biomechanical risk factors, such as heavy load lifting, forced postures, and repetitive movements. These factors were quantified and analyzed to determine their risk levels. Thus, the study underscores the need for continuous evaluation of biomechanical risks in the recycling sector, aiming to create a safer and healthier work environment for the workers. Additionally, it highlights the importance of involving the workers themselves in the process of identifying and mitigating risks, thereby fostering a culture of occupational safety and health within the cooperative.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Lucia Guerrero Córdoba, Ángela Nayibe Ordoñez Vallejo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge about the correct use of emergency oral contraceptive among nursing students
The emergency oral pill contains progestin, which acts by preventing fertilization if administered within the first 72 hours after intercourse. This research aimed to measure students' knowledge about the correct use of this medication. In this study, the non-experimental cross-sectional quantitative approach was used as the methodology. Data collection was carried out using a validated instrument. The sample consisted of 120 Nursing students from the Universidad Técnica de Ambato, from both the basic and professional areas. Among the obtained results, it stands out that, in the basic area, 51% have a high level of knowledge about the generalities of the morning-after pill. Moreover, with more than 40%, the basic area has a medium level of knowledge about the pharmacological action of the pill. This same area has a medium level of knowledge (more than 41%) about the dosage and mode of use of the drug. Regarding the understanding of the adverse reactions caused by the pill, the professional area of the students shows a low level, at 38%. It is concluded that students at the basic level of the Nursing career have a greater knowledge of the morning-after pill compared to the professional area.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Belén Barreto Freire, Tannia Elizabeth Chipantiza Córdova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Jacqueline de los Ángeles Realpe Sandoval
Copyright (c) 2025 Jacqueline de los Ángeles Realpe Sandoval http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2024 Jacqueline de los Ángeles Realpe Sandoval http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Risk factors for preterm births at the Francisco de Orellana Hospital
The objective of the study was to analyse the risk factors related to preterm births treated at the Francisco de Orellana Hospital during 2022. The methodology took a quantitative approach, and the following types of research were applied: exploratory, retrospective, descriptive, and correlational. The study population consisted of 121 cases of preterm birth. In addition, documentary analysis was used as a technique, and medical history was used as an instrument, allowing the collection of personal data information. The results showed that the majority of the study population had high school educational levels (56.2%) and were within the age group between 18 and 23 (30%), although a significant group of pregnant adolescents from 12 to 17 (14.9 %) was highlighted. The predominant ethnic group was Shuar/Waorani (71.9%), followed by mestizo patients (10.7%). It was also found that a significant percentage of women did not receive the appropriate number of prenatal check-ups and suffered from anemia and alterations in blood glucose levels. The above highlights the importance of addressing these health problems. Regarding risk factors for preterm births, comorbidities such as placenta previa, premature rupture of the membrane, high blood pressure, and diabetes have been identified, which require adequate monitoring and handling.
Copyright (c) 2024 Naomi Salomé Flores Santander, Johanna Elizabeth Caicedo Mina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents of adolescents in relation to the sexuality of their children
Sexual health is crucial for society's general health and socioeconomic aspects. The objective of this study was to analyze the level of knowledge of parents of adolescents regarding their children's sexual knowledge, attitudes, and practices in an educational unit in district 04D02. By identifying gaps in current knowledge and practices, it is possible to improve educational programs. In this research, a quantitative methodology was used through structured surveys applied to a sample of 231 parents, with a descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic variables, knowledge about contraceptive methods, and attitudes toward gender equality. The results revealed that 87% of those surveyed are women, the majority in the range of 28 to 53 years old. Knowledge about contraceptive methods is limited, with the male condom (7.8%) and contraceptive tablets (2.2%) being highlighted. In addition, 51.5% are informed about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), but only 13.4% know methods to avoid unwanted pregnancies. A worrying 78.4% of parents do not know what to do in the event of a teenage pregnancy. Most parents support gender equality (77.9%), although heteronormative beliefs persist (44.2%). The main conclusions indicate the urgent need for specific educational programs on contraceptive methods and management of teenage pregnancies, as well as the continuous promotion of gender equality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Blanca Nelly Gordón Díaz, Paola Aracely Cando Gordón http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Adaptability and psychomotor development of children aged 0 to 3 years
Adaptability with psychomotor development includes four dimensions: biological, psychological, social, and gross motor development; for this reason, the present study explores the interrelation that exists between these elements and also makes a theoretical approach to the processes as mentioned earlier, starting from the perspective of different authors and giving particular importance to those historical milestones related to the research problem. For this purpose, descriptive research was carried out using qualitative variables, thanks to which those specific needs associated with the acquisition or manifestation of the skills of interest were identified; in addition, a scientific observation technique was used, thanks to which the most recurrent facts for certain specific needs were appreciated. In addition, the Denver Test was applied to the population under study, and a psychomotor interview was conducted in which the parents were consulted. The results allowed us to appreciate that there is a relationship between adaptability and psychomotor development. After applying the instrument, infants do not experience severe delays, that is, maladjustment. In cases where maladjustment results are recorded, there is a link between the socioeconomic characteristics of the family and the level of relationship that parents have with their children. Through the participation of the promoters-coordinators and the assertive communication of the parents, the problems that could trigger the children can be detected in time, both in their development and adaptability and thus, early warning signs can be identified.
Copyright (c) 2024 Carla Viviana Hernández Tulcán, José Orlando Flores Alarcón http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
MAES self-learning methodology in simulated environments in nursing training: systematic review
The Self-Learning Methodology in Simulated Environments is a crucial approach to enhance autonomous learning. In this research, a systematic review was carried out using integrative methodology to gather and analyze previous studies on the effectiveness of this methodology in practical nursing education. To answer the PICO research question, 15 research papers published between 2014 and 2024 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were analyzed. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed designs were included, with no restrictions on the educational level at which they were studied. The search string included MeSH and DeCS terms, as well as Boolean operators AND and OR. The search was conducted in PubMed, Elseiver, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA 2020 format was used in the study selection process, and the quality of the evidence was analyzed using the Johns Hopkins Institute format. The results showed improvements in critical thinking, the development of clinical competencies, and self-confidence. It was concluded that the self-learning methodology in simulated environments favors the development of clinical competencies, self-confidence, clinical judgment, and critical thinking in nursing students, surpassing traditional methods in these variables.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jacqueline Evelyn Ayala Cangás, Patricia Alejandra Ruiz Meza, Judith Inmaculada Francisco Pérez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Nutritional risk and diet quality in older adults in the community of Tunibamba, Cotacachi 2023
This research assessed nutritional risk and diet quality in 65 older adults from the Tunibamba community belonging to the Cotacachi canton. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics and evaluate nutritional risk by applying the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool, for which anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height, arm circumference, and calf circumference) and 24-hour reminder to assess diet quality. Among the results, it was highlighted that the majority of the sample was established in the thin range with a BMI < 23 kg/m2, weight of 48.56 ± 9.38 kg, height of 145.17 ± 8.64 cm, a brachial circumference of 22.57 ± 3.01 cm and a calf circumference of 29.13 ± 3.04 cm, indicating a decrease in muscle mass and protein reserves. 61.5% are at risk of malnutrition, while 38.5% present malnutrition. The daily caloric intake was found to be well below the recommended, with an average of 755.83 ± 348.42 observed. It was concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between the percentage of energy and macronutrient adequacy using the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Energy with a significance of p=0.004, for carbohydrates a significance of p=<0.001, for protein p=0.017 and for fats p=0.025, indicating that a percentage of normal adequacy or overfeeding provided less malnutrition.
Copyright (c) 2024 Diana Carolina Farinango Armijos, Erika Priscila Mendez Carvajal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pubertal development and nutritional status in adolescents at the San Pedro Pascual Educational Unit, Ibarra 2023
BMI is a recommended indicator to assess nutritional status in adolescents; however, puberty should be considered during adolescence. The objective of the study was to determine the pubertal development and nutritional status of adolescents from the San Pedro Pascual Educational Unit, Ibarra. This research, which was descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional in nature, focused on a population of 256 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, with a sample size of 71. Exclusion criteria: students whose parents did not sign the informed consent. The study encompassed a range of variables, including nutritional status (BMI/age and height/age), sociodemographic characteristics, and pubertal development. A variety of instruments, such as surveys, Tanner booklets, and anthropometry forms, were used to gather comprehensive data. The use of the anthropometric software WHO Anthro Plus, along with data analysis in Microsoft Excel 360 and EPIINFO 7.2.5, ensured the thoroughness and accuracy of our methodology. The results indicate that the mean of the anthropometric indicators indicate normality, adequate height (99%), and 63% have a eutrophic state; however, women have higher percentages of overweight and risk of overweight; men are located in pubertal stages 1, 2 and 3; while women are in stages 3 and 4, mostly. Conclusions: There are no similarities in BMI by stage or age in any sex; however, in women in the more mature stages 3 and 4, more similar BMI values ​​prevail because the BMI in women increases as sexual maturation increases, regardless of chronological age; although, in men with a higher Tanner stage, the BMI averages decrease.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lesly Lisseth Puma Guacán , Ivonne Alexaida Perugachi Benalcázar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Preventive measures for sudden infant death syndrome in adolescent mothers: a cross-sectional study
The objective of this study was to describe the preventive measures for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) applied to a group of adolescent mothers. The applied methodology was a descriptive, transversal, and quantitative study. Fifty adolescent mothers of infants were studied through a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, health, and preventive measures. The results obtained were: only 30% of mothers know about SIDS, 38% of mothers use the prone position and 48% use the side position to put the infant to sleep, 16% of cohabitants smoke, and 30% drink alcohol. Finally, it was observed that, in general, mothers create an unsafe environment for infant sleep (use of padding, excessive blankets, and stuffed animals); it was concluded that adolescent mothers do not carry out preventive measures, which may represent a risk for infants. For the above reasons, it is recommended to emphasize SIDS prevention measures in this particular population.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ma. De Lourdes Vargas Santillan, Claudia Rodríguez García, Nidia Guadalupe Hernández Yáñez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2023 Jacqueline de los Ángeles Realpe Sandoval http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Covid-19 vaccine and post-vaccine adverse effects in nursing personnel
Currently, the world is still going through the pandemic caused by COVID-19; despite the fact that it began in 2019, there are presently positive cases in a minimal percentage. To eradicate it, several pharmaceutical companies worldwide developed vaccines over the past four years, which have reported numerous adverse effects of mild and moderate intensity and good vaccine effectiveness. The objective of the research is to determine post-vaccine COVID-19 adverse effects on nursing staff. For this purpose, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive study was applied. The instrument established was a survey consisting of 3 sections and 33 items, used to validate sociodemographic data and effects presented by the inoculation against COVID-19. Concerning the results, the majority of the nursing staff are female, aged between 20 to 24 years, single marital status, mixed ethnic group, and live in the urban area; of these, a minority suffer from pathologies such as depression and immunological disease. A high percentage of the study population was inoculated with the AstraZeneca vaccine and minimum rates with Pfizer and Sinovac, complying for the most part with the basic scheme and even with the first and second reinforcement. Adverse effects such as headache, general discomfort, and pain at the puncture site of moderate intensity that did not evolve more than 24 hours predominated in 71.80% of the population, achieving good vaccine acceptance among the nursing staff.
Copyright (c) 2023 Amparo Paola Tito Pineda, Aida Vannesa Ipiales Ayala, María Ximena Tapia Paguay, Eva Consuelo López Aguilar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ICT for students with intellectual disabilities: a case study
The objective of the research was to propose a training program aimed at tutor teachers on the use of ICT in the Beatriz Jarrín Specialized Educational Unit of the El Sagrario Parish, Ibarra - Ecuador. It is a study with a qualitative approach, descriptive and field type. Interviews were applied to the students to know the scope of their technological skills and to the academic tutor to evaluate what digital tools are used in the didactic strategies. The results revealed the existence of various technological barriers that limit the use of ICT in pedagogical practices. However, students have basic notions about the use of mobile devices and computers, which allows the generation of digital skills based on their degree of cognition. It was observed that the knowledge of teachers about digital educational tools is scarce, despite recognizing their importance and benefits. The Person-Centered Plan was analyzed based on technological skills, compliance with curricular content and evaluation of the achievements achieved by the student, it was found that the use of ICT is not promoted in the Plan, which limits adaptation. of students with disabilities to the digital age. With the purpose of improving the teaching-learning processes in specialized education, a proposal was designed that seeks to promote the use of ICT through a didactic guide. This guide provides an outline of tools adapted to the communication, logical-mathematical and social skills of students with intellectual disabilities. It was concluded that the limitations in the use of ICT in specialized education due to technological barriers and lack of knowledge on the part of teachers are evident. In addition, the potential of ICTs to improve the learning of students with intellectual disabilities is highlighted.
Copyright (c) 2023 Manuel Mesias Herrera Osejos, Jesús Ramón Aranguren Carrera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perception of the quality of public services in the province of Carchi, a comparative analysis between the urban and rural sector
This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the perception of quality in public services for the urban and rural areas in the province of Carchi in the year 2022 in relation to the National Development Plan 2021-2025. The information was based on the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment of December 2022, obtained from the INEC’s open database, through which information was collected from 146 users in the province of Carchi who received some public service in the previous 12 months. Females predominated (51.4%), being more represented in the urban region. 65.75% assigned a quality score between 6 and 10. From the data obtained, a service quality score from 5 to 8 was assigned, which would indicate that there is a generally favorable perception of the quality of public services in the province of Carchi. The responses from the urban area scored 5 to 8, while the responses from the rural sector were mostly found in a score of 5 to 7. In the urban sector, there was a more significant number of responses about the appreciation of public services, which reflects a rating of 0. The results suggest that public entities should deepen their knowledge of the population perspective and determine the need to implement actions for the continuous improvement of the quality of care.
Copyright (c) 2023 Patricia Raquel Vera Ponce, Gladys Primavera Urgilés Urgilés http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The first 1000 days of life: characterization of chronic child malnutrition in el Carchi
There is a window of opportunity in development during the 1000 days of a person's life, where inequalities and gaps can be reduced. This research had the objective of analyzing the evolution and determinants of chronic childhood malnutrition in Carchi during the first 1000 days of life. The study methodology was quantitative through econometric regression and a data pooling model. The main result of the study is complicated since childhood chronic malnutrition in children under 1000 days of age has increased in the province, with multidimensional determinants.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jairo Israel Rivera Vásquez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Nutritional risk and eating habits among older adults at the comprehensive care center for priority groups, Ibarra 2023
Aging is associated with physiological changes that can give rise to nutritional alterations, and early identification is critical to limiting mortality and morbidity. In this research, nutritional risk and eating habits were evaluated in non-institutionalized older adults who attended the Comprehensive Care Center for priority groups in the city of Ibarra, Ecuador. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 60 older adults aged 60 and over. The questionnaire was composed of sociodemographic data, eating habits through the Food Quality Survey for the Elderly (ECAAM), and nutritional risk with the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool (MNA). A total of 53.33% of the population studied are men, while 46.67% are women; the average age was 69.83 ± 10.69 years. 5% of the subjects presented malnutrition, and 58.3% were at risk of malnutrition. Using BMI, 20% of the subjects studied were thin, and 36.67% were overweight and obese. Likewise, 96.67% presented poor quality of food. It was found that there was no relationship between nutritional risk and eating habits (p > 0.05). One out of every two older adults presented malnutrition or risk of malnutrition, and all of them had poor-quality diets; however, these two variables did not show a significant association. Future research will be essential to clarify this non-relationship.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jessica Salomé Velasco Espinosa, Claudia Amparo Velásquez Calderón http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Nursing students' nutritional knowledge and eating habits
The habit of eating is related to factors: cultural, social, and educational; hence the knowledge about nutrition can influence how we eat and our nutritional status. The objective of the research is to establish nutritional knowledge and the relationship with the eating habits of nursing students. For this, an observational, cross-sectional, stratified study with a quantitative design was carried out, obtaining a probabilistic sample of 285 individuals; two surveys were applied, the first related to nutritional knowledge and the second to knowing their habits with respect to food. In the statistical analysis of the knowledge survey, an average level of dietary habits was obtained for 69.9%, nutritional habits at 52.78%, nutrient content of food at 61.4%, and food-related health disorders considered at 69.8% as medium level. Regarding eating habits, only 25% eat three meals a day, 50% eat breakfast only once a week, and 33% eat lunch once a week. 60% consume only two servings of fruits and vegetables 3 to 4 times per week. The consumption of water is adequate at only 20.4%. 63.4% consume foods rich in sugar and fat 1 to 2 times a week. In conclusion, this shows that 58% of students need to apply the knowledge they have about nutrition to their eating habits because they eat outside the home.
Copyright (c) 2023 Daysi Tatiana Ninasunta Toapanta, Tannia Elizabeth Chipantiza Córdova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in nursing professionals during the covid-19 pandemic, in the northern zone of Ecuador, 2022
At present, there is a growing interest in addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing staff. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and the presence of post-traumatic syndrome in nursing professionals in the province of Carchi was investigated; through a descriptive cross-sectional study in a random sample of 229 nursing professionals. A survey was used that contains sociodemographic variables, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scales (HADS), and the stressor impact scale (IES-R); the Pearson bivariate correlation test was used with a significance level of p<0.05. There is evidence of a young adult population with an age range between 29 to 38 years, 43.2% of single marital status, and (77.7%) with a third-level academic education with more than ten months of professional experience. According to the HADS scale, there are indications of the presence of anxious and depressive cognitive symptoms of type (48.85%); the (23.79%) of professionals with possible symptoms associated with depression, such as irritability, loss of interest or dissatisfaction in the performance of work activities, depression, and anxiety already exist in more than 15% of the population. Presence of post-traumatic stress, 32, 89% mild, and severe (9.61%). The study population spent close to 10 months in complete contact with COVID-19 patients, with a statistical value of (-0.058). Therefore, the greater the work experience, the less possibility of presenting post-traumatic stress (0.47).
Geovanna Narciza de Jesús Altamirano Zabala
Copyright (c) 2023 Adela Janet Vaca Auz, Sonia Dayanara Revelo Villarreal, Jesús Molina Mula, Geovanna Narciza de Jesús Altamirano Zabala, Cristina Fernanda Vaca Orellana , Zenaida Aracely Goyes Pitacuar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2022 Jacqueline Realpe Sandoval http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Qualitative estimate of labor risks in the company PRODUCNORTE de Cayambe 2020
The floricultural industry in Ecuador is an important and growing labour area, the geographical situation of the country has been a privilege for the floricultural sector, therefore Ecuadorian flowers are well positioned in the international market. The workforce is the fundamental part in floriculture, so it is necessary to know the risks to which workers are exposed. In this context, it became necessary to qualitatively evaluate the occupational risks at the Producnorte company in the city of Cayambe. An observational, descriptive study was conducted. We worked with a sample of 57 workers, considering the four areas of the company, out of a universe of 137, to whom a survey was applied. The observation of the workstations was carried out in order to estimate the risks using the INSST method. Several risk factors were identified and estimated, among the main ones being ergonomic, chemical, and biological risks, in most jobs they are estimated with important and moderate categories. There was also evidence of poor participation of workers in the prevention of occupational risk. Concluding that there is a large number of risks to which workers in the floriculture sector are exposed, which makes it necessary to carry out preventive management in order to attenuate and control the different types of risk factors present in the context of the development of their work.
Copyright (c) 2022 Anderson Rodrigo Bolaños Rodríguez, Raúl Iván López Enríquez, Julio Rodrigo Morillo Cano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Stress and anxiety in elementary school students at the time of Covid-19.
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health problem, with Ecuador being one of the most affected Latin American countries. This disease has been classified as a trigger of stress in the population, causing prevention measures worldwide. The main objective of this study was to identify the causes that cause stress and anxiety in elementary school students in times of COVID-19 in the “Barrio Pupana Sur”. The research was quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, where a population sample of 200 primary school students was considered. Two surveys were used to collect the data, the childhood daily stress inventory test and the Spencer test. Similarly, the ethical principles indicated in the Declaration of Helsinki about research on human beings were taken into account, taking into account the ethical principles of respect, confidentiality and autonomy of the study participants. The results obtained showed a low level of stress and anxiety, in the different categories, such as health problems 86.5%, school environment 81.5%, family environment 90%, panic attack and agoraphobia 96.1%, separation anxiety 96.5%, social phobia 91%, fear of physical harm 94.5%, obsessive-compulsive disorder 95%, generalized anxiety disorder 97.5%. Concluding that there are several reasons why the level of stress and anxiety is low, among them we have the constant help of parents, dynamic strategies by teachers, allowing an excellent academic performance.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jessica Alexandra Casa Toapanta, Yeisy Cristina Guarate Coronado http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the nutritional status of pregnant women in times of Covid-19 attached to the type ́ ́a ́ ́ health center Toacaso – Ecuador
The adequate nutritional status in the pregnant woman preserves the healthy physiological state and an adequate immune response to possible infection by (COVID-19). The objective of the research process was to analyze the nutritional status of pregnant women in times of COVID-19, determining (BMI) preconception, weight gain, prevalence of comorbidities and obstetric risk in prenatal control. In a first-level health care unit in the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, during the first half of 2021. The study had a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional field approach. The population was consisted of 45 pregnant women. Data were collected through a nutritional assessment sheet validated by Essalud. The most relevant data reflect that 71.11%, have a primary education level, in the variable comorbidities it is known that 2.22% suffer from arterial hypertension, 22.22% was diagnosed with overweight, 8.89% with obesity. 26.67% corresponds to pregnant adolescents of extreme fertile age under 19 years of and 8.89% pregnant women over 35 years of age. 20.00% of women who started with an overweight preconception BMI, 8.89% started with an obesity preconception BMI. In correlation with these data, 26.67% of pregnant women obtained insufficient weight gain, 62.22% obtained adequate weight gain, while 11.11% gained excess weight. It is of great relevance to mention that 86.67% of pregnant women are categorized as high risk and 6.67% are categorized with a very high risk.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jessica Valeria Iza Gutiérrez, Nadihezka Amanda Cusme Torres http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Nursing interventions in adolescents with psychological disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic
Anxiety and depression are very common psychological disorders in adolescents that compromise their well-being and affect their way of life, these disorders can arise for various reasons such as stress, excessive worry, and other triggers. As a result of the emergence of the SARS-COV 2 virus, society faced several adverse situations that negatively affected the mental health of this vulnerable group. The objective of the present investigation was to analyze the psychological alterations in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, for which a representative sample of 150 students was calculated so as to measure their anxiety and depression using Beck inventories, this allowed us to know that a significant level of students suffers from moderate and severe levels of these disorders, with the information obtained, a proposal for nursing interventions was developed based on the NANDA, NIC and NOC taxonomy aiming to achieve favorable results in the treatment of these conditions, these affectations are serious since they put people's health and life at risk. For this reason, the proposed nursing interventions will allow a favorable and timely treatment to reduce the levels of anxiety and depression in adolescents by improving their quality of life and decreasing the incidence of these conditions.
Copyright (c) 2022 Karen Yanara Ramos Fonseca, Beatriz Venegas Mera http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Drowsiness detection system for taxi drivers in the city of Tulcán
This research focuses on the development of a Drowsiness detection system applicable to taxi drivers in the city of Tulcán. This arises through the problems found in terms of the large number of traffic accidents that currently occur, being Drowsiness determined as one of the main causes, also because taxi cooperatives do not use any tool to help detect the state of sleepiness of their drivers. These statements were evidenced in the results of quantitative research, where the informants were the taxi drivers of a Tulcán cooperative. With this data, there was the need of developing the drowsiness detection system by applying several electronic tools, especially the infrared obstacle sensor, which is responsible for detecting when the driver closes his eyes for a period of time; a Buzzer alarm device that emits an alarm; moreover, a Bluetooth communication module that establishes the connection between the mobile application and the electronic part. Additionally, a mobile application was developed to manage the electronic part, save its results and users management. To test the operation and effectiveness of the glasses-type prototype, tests were carried out with 20 voluntary users, which can be used in drivers to reduce traffic acidentes because of drowsiness.
Copyright (c) 2022 Kevin Daniel Delgado Egas, Marco Antonio Yandún Velasteguí http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strategies to reduce occupational skin conditions on the hands of nursing staff.
The skin conditions of the hands are among the most significant problems faced by the nursing staff due to their continuous exposure to triggering factors, thus affecting the quality of the care process. The objective of this research was to promote strategies that reduce occupational skin conditions in the hands of nursing staff. A quantitative, observational, descriptive, non-experimental study was carried out based on data collection through a validated instrument and reviewed by experts in health and scientific research and the application of statistical processes. The population was constituted of 80 nursing professionals belonging to public and private health establishments in the city of Ambato. The results obtained were that 100% have had skin conditions on their hands where the most affected were within the range of 11 to 15 years of professional life. The prevalent risk factors were: exposure to humidity, use of antiseptic solutions, and hand washing more than 16 times (63.7%) during the working day. 70% reported not having an allergy to latex, and 30% only when their use was prolonged. The main signs and symptoms were erythema, itching, and burning. It was evident that within the health establishments, there are no prevention strategies for these conditions, which is why the creation and implementation were unanimously supported, thus determining the importance of this research.
Copyright (c) 2022 Erick Sebastián Flores Tonato, Tannia Elizabeth Chipantiza Córdova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0